Selected publications
Dheilly, NM, SV Nair, LC Smith DA Raftos. 2009. Highly variable immune response proteins (185/333) from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: proteomic analyses indicate diversity within and between individuals. Journal of Immunology, 182:2203-2212.
Buckley, KM, DP Terwilliger, LC Smith. 2008. Sequence variations in 185/333 messages from the purple sea urchin suggest post-transcriptional modifications to increase immune diversity. Journal of Immunology, 181:8585-8594.
Buckley KM, S Munshaw, TB Kepler, LC Smith. 2008. The 185/333 gene family is a rapidly diversifying host-defense gene cluster in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Journal of Molecular Biology, 379:912-928.
Brockton V, JH Henson, DA Raftos, AJ Majeske, Y-O Kim, LC Smith. 2008. Localization and diversity of 185/333 proteins from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson); unexpected protein size range and expression in a new coelomocyte type. Journal of Cell Science, 121:339-348.
Buckley KM, LC Smith. 2007. Extraordinary diversity among members of the large gene family, 185/333, from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. BMC Molecular Biology, 8:68. Available from www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2199-8-68.pdf
Terwilliger, DP, KM Buckley, V Brockton, NJ Ritter, LC Smith. 2007. Distinctive expression patterns of 185/333 genes in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: an unexpectedly diverse family of transcripts in response to LPS, beta-1,3-glucan, and dsRNA. BMC Molecular Biology, 8:16. Available from www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2199-8-68.pdf
Sodergren et al. (The Sea Urchin Genome Sequencing Consortium) 2006. The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Science, 314:941-952.
Rast, JP, LC Smith, M Loza-Coll, T Hibino, GW Litman. 2006. Genomic insights into the immune system of the sea urchin. Science, 314:952-956.
Hibino, T, M Loza-Coll, C Messier, AJ Majeske, AH Cohen, DP Terwilliger, KM Buckley, V Brockton, SV Nair, K Berney, SD Fugmann, MK Anderson, Z Pancer, RA Cameron, LC Smith* & JP Rast*. 2006. The immune gene repertoire encoded in the purple sea urchin genome. Developmental Biology, 300:349-365. (*contributing authors)
Terwilliger, DP, KM Buckley, D Mehta, PG Moorjani, LC Smith. 2006. Unexpected diversity displayed in cDNAs expressed by the immune cells of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Physiological Genomics, 26:134-144. Available from http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2199-8-16.pdf
Nair, SV, H Del Valle, PS Gross, DP Terwilliger, LC Smith. 2005.
Macroarray analysis of coelomocyte gene expression in response to LPS in the sea urchin,
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Identification of unexpected immune diversity in an invertebrate.
Physiological Genomics, 22:33-47. Available from http://physiolgenomics.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/22/1/33
Terwilliger, DP, LA Clow, PS Gross, LC Smith. 2004.
Constitutive expression and alternative splicing of the SCR domains of
Sp152, the sea urchin homologue of complement factor B.
Implications on the evolution of the C2/Bf gene family.
Immunogenentics, 56:531-543.
Clow, LA, DA Raftos, PS Gross & LC Smith. 2004. The sea urchin
homologue, SpC3, functions as an opsonin. Journal of Experimental
Biology, 207:2147-2155.
Multerer, KA, LC Smith. 2004. Two cDNAs from the purple sea
urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, encoding mosaic proteins
with domains found in factor H, factor I, and complement components C6 and
C7. Immunogenetics, 56:89-106.
Shah, M, KM Brown, LC Smith. 2003. The gene encoding the
sea urchin
complement protien, SpC3, is expressed in embryos and can be upregulated
by bacteria. Developmental and Comparative Immunology,
27:529-538.
Smith, LC. 2002. Thioester function is conserved in SpC3, the sea
urchin homologue of the complement component C3. Developmental and
Comparative Immunology, 26:603-614.
Gross, PS, LA Clow & LC Smith. 2000. SpC3, the complement
homologue from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus
purpuratus, is expressed in two subpopulations of the phagocytic
coelomocytes. Immunogenetics, 51:1021-1033.
Clow, LA, PS Gross, C-S Shih, LC Smith. 2000. Expression
of
SpC3, the sea urchin complement component, in response to
lipopolysaccharide. Immunogenetics, 51:1043-1044.
Smith, LC, C-S Shih, SG Dachenhausen. 1998. Coelomocytes specifically
express SpBf, a homologue of factor B, the second component in the sea urchin complement system.
Journal of Immunology, 161:6784-6793.
Al-Sharif, WZ, JO Sunyer, JD Lambris & LC Smith. 1998. A homologue of
the complement component C3 is specifically expressed in sea urchin coelomocytes.
Journal of Immunology, 160:2983-2997.
Smith, LC, L Chang, RJ Britten, EH Davidson. 1996. Sea urchin genes expressed in activated coelomocytes are identified
by expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Complement homologues and other putative immune response genes suggest immune system homology within the deuterostomes. Journal of Immunology, 156:593-602.
Smith, LC, RJ Britten, EH Davidson. 1995. Lipopolysaccharide activates the sea urchin immune system. Developmental
and Comparative Immunology, 19:217-224.
Smith, LC, MG Harrington, RJ Britten, EH Davidson. 1994. The sea urchin profilin gene is expressed in mesenchyme
cells during gastrulation. Developmental Biology, 164:463-474.
Smith, LC, RJ Britten, EH Davidson. 1992. SpCoel1, a sea urchin profilin gene expressed specifically in coelomocytes
in response to injury. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3:403-414.
Reviews
Smith, LC, JP Rast, V Brockton, DP Terwilliger, SV Nair, DM Buckley, AJ Majeske. 2006. The Sea Urchin Immune System. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 3:25-39. Available from www.isj.unimore.it/vol3issue1.htm.
Smith, LC. 2005. Host responses to bacteria: Innate immunity in invertebrates. In: The influence of cooperative bacteria on animal host biology. (MJ McFall-Ngai, B Henderson, EG Ruby, eds.) Advances in Molecular and Cellular Microbiology, 10:293-320. Cambridge University Press.
Smith, LC, LA Clow & DP Terwilliger. 2001. The ancestral
complement system in sea urchins. Immunological
Reviews, 180:16-34.
Smith, LC. 2001. The complement system in sea urchins. In
Phylogenetic Perspectives on the Vertebrate Immune Systems (G
Beck, M Sugumaran, E Cooper, eds.). Plenum Publishing Co. pp. 363-372.
Smith, LC, K Azumi, M Nonaka. 1999. Complement systems in
invertebrates. The ancient alternative and lectin pathways.
Immunopharmacology, 42:107-120.
Gross, PS, WZ Al-Sharif, LA Clow, LC Smith. 1999. Echinoderm
immunity and the evolution of the complement system. Developmental and
Comparative Immunology, 23:429-442.
Smith, LC, EH Davidson. 1994. The echinoderm immune system:
characters shared with the vertebrate immune system, and characters
arising
later in deuterstome phylogeny. In: Primordial Immunity: Foundations
for the Vertebrate Immune System. (G beck, EL Cooper, GS Habicht & JJ
Marchalonis, eds.) The New York Academy of Sciences,
712:213-226.
Smith, LC, EH Davidson. 1992. The echinoid immune system and
the phylogenetic occurrence of immune mechanisms in deuterostomes.
Immunology Today, 13:356-362.
The echinoid immune system revisited: reply. Immunology Today,
14:93-94.
For copies of my papers on immune functions in marine sponges, please
email me.
Courses:
BiSc
218 - Innate Immunity (Spring terms)
BiSc
102 - Cell Biology (Fall terms)
BiSc
112 - Immunology (Fall and Spring terms, team taught)
Lab Members:
Katherine Buckley, Post doctoral fellow (kshank@gwu.edu)
Audrey Majeske, Ph.D. Candidate, Biological Sciences (majeskea@gwu.edu)
Chase Miller, M.S. student, Program in Genomics and Bioinformatics (chmille4@gmail.com)
Hyeyoun Chang, PhD Student, Biological Sciences
Julie Ghosh, PhD Student, Biological Sciences
Catherine Schrankel, Undergraduate, Biological Sciences (catsch@gwu.edu)
Other links of interest:
International Society of Developmental
and Comparitive Immunology
Last updated on 5-22-08