CALM SITEMarshall |
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Site Code |
U45 |
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Site Name |
Marshall |
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CAPS 1 Metadata form |
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CAPS 2 Metadata form |
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Responsible for data submission |
Edda Mutter |
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Email Address |
emutter@yritwc.org |
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Institution/Organization |
YRITWC |
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Location Description |
Alaska Subarctic |
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Location Lat. |
N61.87901 |
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Location Long. |
W162.05759 |
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Elevation avg. (m) |
69 |
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Methods Grid |
50 |
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Methods Other |
Soil moisture, soil temp., air temp |
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Landscape Description |
river delta |
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Vegetation/Classification |
Tundra, grasses, moss, lichen, berries |
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Soils (or Material) |
Organic/peat |
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Thaw depth measurements (year started) |
2009 |
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Air temp. measurements (year started) |
2009 |
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Snow Cover measurements (year started) |
N/A |
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Soil temp. measurements (start year) |
2009 |
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Soil moisture measurements (start year) |
2009 |
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General description of soil moisture |
moist-wet |
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Soil texture: if non organic describe texture, if organic indicate thickness of organic layer (cm) |
organic layer thickness ~ 12cm non – 7cm light brown w/ roots, 22cm wet grayish clay |
DESCRIPTION OF AREA
CONTAINING SITE:
The Marshall site is located NE of the town of Marshall which is situated along the Yukon River in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. The 50m2 grid is located in an area of open tundra on the upper portion of a hill/rise in the land on the West side of the road headed towards the weather station out of town, approx. 1/3mile from split in road to the airport. The vegetation is moist/spongy/soggy tundra with many low bush berries throughout the site. The 50mx50m grid, established in 2009, is marked with survey stakes at 10m intervals. The grid center (N61.88, W162.06) contains continuous soil temperature & soil moisture sensors at ‘above permafrost’ & ‘just below surface’ levels. An air temperature sensor also records on a 30 min continuous cycle. The grid was established in 2009 through a cooperative agreement with Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council & the U.S. Geological Survey, with assistance from Ohogamiut Tribal Council’s Environmental Coordinator.
SOIL DESCRIPTION:
Predominately characterized by a top layer of
rich organic dark peat soil, followed by very wet dark soil. The soil is non-rocky and poorly
drained. The depth to the water table is
approx 30cm and the impermeable layer is ~60cm. Soil
is very wet after the first 27cm and does not hold form, “slop”.
SAMPLING DESIGN AND
METHOD:
The specific location of the Marshall site was selected using Traditional Ecological Knowledge of permafrost distribution and depth, followed by on-site ground truthing.
The grid consisted of 50 survey stakes at 10-meter intervals, creating a 50mx50m square grid with a maximum of 100 data points. Active Layer measurements were taken manually every 5m. The measurements were taken at the lowest surface level within about 0.3m of the designated point. The "surface level" was determined to be the top of the low-lying vegetation (i.e. moss, lichen, low-bush berries).
[CALM protocol suggests a grid size of 100mx100m, however a 50m2 grid was deemed acceptable due to difficult terrain and length of time for installation (personal communication Dr. V.Romanovsky).]
The soil climate station was established in early September 2009 and is located at grid center. The station monitors air temperature, soil temperature & soil moisture.
The HOBO micro station was installed at the grid center. A ~30cm2 hole was dug down to the permafrost layer approx 60 cm. After 27cm it was very difficult to maintain the hole due to “sloppy” soil conditions. One set of soil moisture and soil temperature sensors were placed just above the permafrost layer (60cm) and one set just below surface level. Soil samples were cut from each level (2x2in cubes) to be analyzed for soil moisture content.
The HOBO pro v2 temp/ext temp sensor was installed, recording air temperature, near the grid center about one meter off the ground surface. The Hobo data logger is set to store data on 30min intervals for up to 428 days.
GPS points were taken at the four corners of the grid, as well as the center point where the sensors were located. Site elevation is 69m, recorded at grid center.
REFERENCES:
