CALM SITE U12A |
TOOLIK |
Site code |
U12A |
Site name |
Toolik
Lake |
CAPS I Metadata form |
GGD359 |
CAPS II Metadata form |
GGD313U_12 |
Responsible for data submission |
Nikolay
Shiklomanov |
Email Address |
Shiklom”-at-“gwu.edu |
Institution/Organization |
GWU |
Location description |
Arctic Alaska |
Location Lat. |
68 deg. 37 min. N |
Location Lon. |
149 deg. 36 min. W |
Elevation avg. (m) |
750 |
Methods Grid |
1000 |
Methods Other |
Air Temperature, Soil temperature, Soil Moisture |
Landscape Description |
Glaciated
foothills tundra and prostrate-dwarf-shrub |
Vegetation /Classification |
Tussock-graminoid, dwarf-shrub tundra and prostrate-dwarf-shrub,
moss tundra (moist acidic and nonacidic) |
Soils (or Material) |
Ruptic-Histic Aquiturbel |
Thaw depth measurements (year started)
|
1995 |
Air temp. measurements (year started) |
1995 |
Snow cover measurements (year started) |
NA |
Soil temp. measurements (year started) |
1998 |
soil moisture measurements (year started) |
1998 |
general description of soil moisture (dry, moist, wet,
saturated) |
Dry on top
of the ridges, wet to saturated in the watertrack |
soil texture: if non organic describe texture, if organic
indicate thickness of organic layer (cm) |
Organic
Layer thikness:15 (cm); mineral texture -- silty
loam /silty clay/gravelly loam (coarce
glacial till) |
DESCRIPTION OF AREA CONTAINING SITE:
This grid occupies the flanks of a
bedrock-cored hill adjacent to Toolik Lake. Moist
acidic tundra has developed atop glacial tills. Vegetation and soils vary with
slope, aspect, and drainage, and are discontinuous (Hinkel & Nelson, 2003).
SOIL DESCRIPTION:
(predominant texture, i.e., ‘sand’, ‘gravel’,
‘peat’, etc.): Typic Aquiturbel
SAMPLING DESIGN AND METHOD:
1-sq km grid consists of a square
array of surveyed permanent stakes separated by 100 m, yielding an 11 ×
11 array of sampling nodes on each grid. Thaw depth and snow sampling was
conducted twice by manual probing at each stake. The two values for each
sampling point are averaged, yielding a maximum of 121 data points per grid per
probing date. The active layer was not measured at locations where grid points
intersect rocks or deep water.
The
soil climate station was established in September of 1998 and is located near Toolik Lake, Alaska, at the University of Alaska/National
Science Foundation Research camp. The station is located within the 1 km CALM
u12A grid. The elevation is about 759 m (2490 ft). This station monitors air
temperature, precipitation, soil temperature at various depths to a maximum of
120 cm, and soil water contents at 9, 12, 38, 39, and 68 cm depths.
Measurements are made at 20-minute intervals and averaged and recorded every
hour.
REFERENCES:
Hinkel, K.M. & Nelson, F.E. 2003. Spatial
and temporal patterns of active layer thickness at Circumpolar Active Layer
Monitoring (CALM) sites in northern Alaska, 1995-2000.
Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.108, No. D2, 8168.
Shiklomanov, N.I. and F.E. Nelson. 2003 Climatic variability in the Kuparuk region, north-central Alaska: optimizating
spatial and temporal interpolation in a sparse
observation network. Arctic,
56: 136-146.
Shiklomanov, N.I. and F.E. Nelson. 2003 Statistical representation of
landscape-specific active-layer variability. In Phillips, M., Springman,
S. M., and Arenson, L. U. (eds.), Proceedings of
the Eighth International Conference on Permafrost, vol. 2. Lisse: A.A. Balkema, 1039-1044.
Walker
D.A., Jia G.J., Epstein H.E., Raynolds
M.K., Chapin III F.S., Copass C., Hinzman
L.D., Kane D., Knudson J.A., Maier H., Michaelson
G.J., Nelson F.E., Ping C.L., Shiklomanov N.I.,
Romanovsky V.E., Shur
Y. 2003 Vegetation-soil-thaw-depth
relationships along a Low Arctic bioclimatic gradient, Alaska: Synthesis of
information from the Atlas studies. Permafrost and Periglacial
Processes, 14: 103-123.
Shiklomanov
N. I. and F. E. Nelson, F. E., 2002.
Active-layer mapping at regional scales: a 13-year spatial time series for the Kuparuk region, north-central Alaska. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 13:
219-230.
Klene A.E., Nelson F.E., and N.I. Shiklomanov.
2001 The n-factor as a tool
in geocryological mapping: seasonal thaw in the Kuparuk River Basin, Alaska. Physical
Geography, 22(6): 449-466.
Klene A.E., Nelson F.E., Shiklomanov
N.I., and K.M. Hinkel.
2001 The n-factor in natural
landscapes: Variability of air and soil-surface temperatures, Kuparuk River basin, Alaska. Arctic,
Antarctic and Alpine Research, 33(2): 140-148.
Nelson, F.E., Shiklomanov, N.I., and
G.R. Mueller. Variability of active-layer thickness at multiple spatial scales,
north-central Alaska, USA. 1999 Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 31(2): 179-186.
Shiklomanov, N.I. and F.E. Nelson. Analytic
representation of the active layer thickness field, Kuparuk
River basin, Alaska. 1999 Ecological
Modelling, 123: 105-125.
Bockheim, J.G., Walker,
D.A., Everett, L.R., Nelson, F.E. and N.I. Shiklomanov. 1998 . Soils and
cryoturbation in moist nonacidic and acidic tundra in the Kuparuk
River basin, Arctic Alaska, USA. Arctic
and Alpine Research, 30(2): 166-174.
Nelson, F.E., Hinkel, K.M.,
Shiklomanov, N.I., Mueller, G.R., Miller, L.L., and D.A.
Walker.
Active-layer thickness in north central Alaska: systematic sampling, scale, and
spatial autocorrelation. 1998
Journal of Geophysical
Research-Atmospheres, 103(D22): 28963-28973.
Nelson, F.E., Outcalt, S.I.,
Brown, J., Shiklomanov, N.I., and K.M. Hinkel.
Spatial and temporal attributes of the active-layer thickness record, Barrow,
Alaska, USA, 1998 Proceedings of the Seventh International
Conference on Permafrost. Centre de etudes nordiques
de l'Universite Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada,
Yellowknife, NWT, Canada, pp. 797-802
Walker,
D.A., Auerbach, N.A., Bockheim,
J.G., Chapin, F.S., Eugster, W., King, J.Y.,
McFadden, J.P., Michaelson, G.J., Nelson, F.E., Oechel, W.C., Ping, C.L., Reeburg,
W.S., Regli, S., Shiklomanov, N.I., and G.L.
Vourlitis.1998 Energy and trace-gas fluxes across a soil pH boundary in the
arctic. Nature, 394(6692): 469-472.
Nelson
F.E., Shiklomanov, N.I., Mueller G.R., Hinkel K.M., Walker D.A., and J.G. Bockheim.1997
Estimating active-layer thickness over a large region: Kuparuk
River basin, Alaska, USA. Arctic and
Alpine Research, 29(4): 167-378.
Soil temperature and soil moisture metadata and data are
also available at http://soils.usda.gov/survey/scan/alaska/Toolik/